Salem

Salem is a city and a municipal corporation in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Salem is the fifth largest city in Tamil Nadu in terms of population, after Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, and Tiruchirappalli respectively, and fourth in terms of urbanization. Salem and the hilly regions around it were part of the Chera Dynasty and the city was ruled by kings known as the Kurunila Mannargal of ancient Tamil Nadu. The Kongu region was ruled by a series of twenty eight kings before being conquered by the Cholas of Tanjore.

HILL RANGES
YERCAUD

Yercaud is a hill station in Salem District, in Tamil Nadu, India. It is located in the Shevaroys range of hills in the Eastern Ghats;  It is situated at an altitude of 1515 metres (4970 ft) above sea level, and the highest point in Yercaud is the Servarayan temple, at 5,326 feet (1,623 m). It is so named owing to the abundance of trees categorised as a forest near the lake, the name signifying Lake Forest.As a popular tourist destination, Yercaud is also called as Jewel of the South. Yercaud is as enchanting and picturesque as the hill stations on the eastern ghats and trekking here can be one of the most pleasurable experiences.

SHEVAROY HILLS

The Servarayans are detached low mountain range, of the Eastern Ghats System. They cover an area of 400 square kilometres (99,000 acres), with plateaus from 4,000–5,000 feet (1,200–1,500 m) above sea-level.The Servarayan hills have several old coffee plantations, and a sanatorium.The major areas of tourist interest are the Yercaud Orchidarium of the Botanical Survey of India, and the old coffee estates.

CAUVERY RIVER

The origin of the river is traditionally placed at Talakaveri, Kodagu in the Western Ghats in Karnataka, flows generally south and east through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and across the southern Deccan plateau through the southeastern lowlands, emptying into the Bay of Bengal.



WILD LIFE & BIRDS

• Bear
  
• Two toed sloth
• Star tortoise
• Parrots
• Pigeon
• Parakeet
• Pea fowl
• Egret
• Ruddy-breasted Crake
• Black Bittern
• Grey pelican
• grey heron
• Elephants

Thoothukudi

TUTICORIN

Tuticorin, also known as Thoothukudi is a port city and a Municipal Corporation and an industrial city in Thoothukudi district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city lies in the Coromandel Coast off Bay of Bengal. Thoothukudi is the headquarters of Thoothukudi District. It is also called as "Sea Gateway of Tamil Nadu".

The region, surrounding Thoothukudi is liberally dotted with rain fed tanks. Red soils found on the southern side of the Tuticroin town is composed quartz and variable quantities of fine red dry dust. The port is an all weather one. The bay formed by the Hare Island, Devils point and the main land gives ample protection to the lighters from monosonic weather.

Islands in Thoothukudi District

The Gulf of mannar is situated on the eastern side of the district. Five coral islands in the Gulf of Mannar fall within the administrative control of Thoothukudi district. Twenty islands in the Gulf are devided into four groups(i.e) the Thoothukudi group, Vembar group, Kilakarai group and Mandabam group.Pandiyan Theevu, Van Theevu, Koswari Theevu, Kariyashuli Theevu and Villangushuli Theevu are included in Thoothukudi group of islands.

THAMIRABARANI RIVER

The Thamirabarani River originates from the famous Agastyarkoodam peak in the hills of the Western Ghats above Papanasam in the Ambasamudram taluk and flows through Tirunelveli and Tuticorin districts of the Tamil Nadu state of southern India. It was called the Tamraparni River in olden days, a name also associated with Sri Lanka. The old Tamil name of the river is Porunai. From the source to sea, the river is about 125 kilometres (78 mi) long.

WILDLIFE AND BIRDS

Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area of Tamil Nadu in South India created for the protection of Blackbuck Antelope. Located on an isolated hillock in Vallanadu Village of Srivaikundam Taluk, it is the southernmost place in India where a natural population of Blackbuck exists.

WILDLIFE

• Black buck
• Spotted deer
• macaques 
• Jungle cat 
• Monkeys 
• Wild cat 
• Mongoose 
• Black naped Hare
• Scaly Ant eater- Pangolin
• Viper
• Rat snake live here.

The Blackbuck population is around 20-40. Thick acacia growth makes it difficult to determine a precise population count. The Blackbucks regularly come out of the scrubs and graze in wastelands on the eastern side of the sanctuary.

BIRDS

• Peacock
• Heron
• Stork
• Grey partridges
• Jungle Craws
• Common quails
• Pied crested Cuckoo 
• Crested-hawk Eagle
• Black-winged Kite
• Curlew
• Lapwing
• Nightjar
• Sparrows
• Horned owl.

Kurnool

KURNOOL

Kurnool is a city and municipal corporation and the administrative headquarters of Kurnool district, state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Kurnool is known as the Gateway to Rayalaseema. Kurnool lies on the banks of the Tungabhadra River. The Hundri and Neeva rivers also flow through the city. The K.C. Canal (Kurnool–Cuddapah) was built by the Dutch for transportation, but later used for irrigation.

THE NALLAMALA HILLS

The Nallamalas are a section of the Eastern Ghats which stretch primarily over Kurnool. They run in a nearly north-south alignment, parallel to the Coromandel Coast for close to 430 km between the rivers,Krishna and Pennar. Its northern boundaries are marked by the flat Palnadu basin while in the south it merges with the Tirupati hills. An extremely old system, the hills have been extensively weathered and eroded over the years. The average elevation today is about 520 m which reaches 1100 m at Bhairani Konda and 1048 m at Gundla Brahmeswara. Both of these peaks are in a north westerly direction from the town of Cumbum. There are also many other peaks above 800 m.

TUNGABHADRA RIVER

The Tungabhadra River is formed by the confluence of the Tunga River and the Bhadra River which flow down the eastern slope of the Western Ghats. Handri in Kurnool distriict is one of the main tributaries of the Tungabhadra. Many rivulets and streams join these tributaries. Flood protection walls are found along the banks of Tungabhadra river. At Sunkesula, about 25 km upstream from Kurnool, a barrage was constructed around 1860 by the British engineer, hailed as Bhagiratha for Andhras, Arthur Cotton. Originally it was intended to be used for navigation also. As the road and rail transportation increased it is now an irrigation project, for Kurnool and Kadapa districts, carrying water through the K. C. Canal. Recently the barrage was replaced by the Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Project, a permanent dam. It impounds about 15,000,000,000 cubic feet (0.42 km³) of water and irrigates about 300,000 acres (1,200 km²) of land in Kurnool and Kadapa districts.

ROLLAPADU WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Known primarily as a habitat of the Great Indian Bustard, the species has suffered a drastic fall in its numbers in the sanctuary in recent years. it was established in 1988 to protect the Great Indian Bustard and the Lesser Florican and remains the only habitat in Andhra Pradesh for the Bustard which is a critically endangered species.Rollapadu is primarily a grassland ecosystem with mixed forests and thorny bushes. Cotton, tobacco and sunflower are cultivated in the agricultural lands that border the sanctuary.

• WILD LIFE
  
• Foxes, 
• Jackals, 
• Bonnet macaques, 
• Jungle cats, 
• Sloth bears
• Black bucks.
• Russell’s viper, Indian cobra and rattlesnakes. 
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• 
  
• BIRD SPECIES
• It also houses 132 bird species with the Alganur reservoir near the sanctuary being a haunt for migratory species. Some of the bird species spotted are 
• Bustard
  
• Florican 
• Indian rollers 
• Mynas
• Short toed snake eagles 
• Barheaded geese
• Demoiselle Cranes
• Greater Flamingos.

An increase in the blackbuck population at the sanctuary has been postulated as one of the reasons for the fall in numbers of the bustard and the florican there. Their feeding on the grasses has in turn led to a fall in the numbers of grasshoppers and locusts that constitute an important source of food for the two bird species besides also reducing the nesting area available to these ground nesting birds.